Bayinginiya abaagalwa, abakolagana nabo mu kugula ebintu, n'abasalawo mu by'ekikugu-:
Mu kwebuuza kwaffe okw'ekikugu okwa buli lunaku, ekibuuzo kye tusinga okubuuzibwa si "Bbeeyi eri etya?" wabula wabula, "Mu butuufu olutimbe luno olusiba lunaawangaala bbanga ki?"
Bakasitoma bangi bafunye ensonga eno wammanga: sampuli eyoleka okusiba okutuufu mu kiseera ky’okugezesa, naye etandika okukulukuta amazzi oba empewo oluvannyuma lw’emyezi esatu ng’ekola; oba, wadde ng’obugumu butuukana n’ebisaanyizo ebiragiddwa, ebiyingizibwa ebitakyuka byeyolekera nga bimenyeddwa. Ekikolo ky’ebintu bino byonna kiri mu kintu ekisinga obukulu eky’omubiri mu makolero ga kapiira – Compression Set (CS).
Leero, tujja kusukka endowooza ezitaliimu era nga tutandikira ku njegere za molekyu n’ensengekera y’obuziba, tumenye emisingi egy’omusingi egisalawo omulimu gw’okusiba.
I. Okuddamu okutunuulira "Okukyukakyuka okw'olubeerera okw'okunyigirizibwa".
Mu kisaawe kya silikoni afumbiddwa, omulimu gw’okusiba gwenkana n’obugumu; omulimu gw’okusiba nagwo gwenkana n’obusobozi bw’okuziyiza okukyukakyuka okunyigirizibwa.
Okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okunyigirizibwa kitegeeza obungi bw’okukyukakyuka ekigezo eky’omutindo kye kitasobola kuddamu oluvannyuma lw’okutikkula, ng’ekyokulabirako kinyigiriziddwa ku sipiidi eyeetongodde (okugeza, 100℃) okumala ebbanga erigere (okugeza, essaawa 22 oba essaawa 72). Omuwendo omutono ogwa paramita eno gulaga omuwendo gw’okusigala kwa laasitiki ogw’ekintu ekinene n’akabi akatono ak’okukulukuta.
Oluvannyuma lw’okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’amaanyi okubaawo, kiraga:
Interface stress relaxation: Amaanyi g’okusiba ku kiyungo kya flankisi gakendeera era ne gagwa wansi wa puleesa eya wakati ey’omunda.
Okutondebwa kw’emikutu emitonotono: okukutuka oba okugwa kw’obutuli, ekivaamu emikutu gy’okukulukuta egy’okukwatagana.
Okuddaabiriza ennyo: Boluti zirina okunywezebwa buli kiseera okusobola okusasula situleesi ezifiirwa.
II. Ebipimo Ebina Ebikulu Ebisalawo Enkomerero Y’okukyukakyuka
Enkola y'okukyukakyuka kw'okunyigiriza teva ku nsonga emu, wabula ekiikirira enkola enzibu "eyinginiya ow'enteekateeka". Enkola eno tugigabanyizza mu mitendera ena egy’enjawulo, okuva ku minzaani ya microscopic okutuuka ku macroscopic scale:
1. Material Gene: Enkyukakyuka y’omuzannyo gw’enkola z’okukola
Kino kye kivaako okukyukakyuka (deformation), ekisalibwawo enkola ya silicone raw rubber ne additive system.
Okulonda kapiira embisi (base polymer): Ebirimu vinyl n’ensaasaanya y’obuzito bwa molekyu bikwata butereevu ku density y’okuyunga. Kapiira embisi erimu obuzito obusukkiridde eraga okuzingibwa kw’enjegere za molekyu ez’amaanyi, ekizibuyiza enjegere okusereba mu kiseera ky’okunyigirizibwa; n’ekyavaamu, okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera kutera okuba okuyitiridde.
Enkola y'okunyweza n'okusalasala: Waliwo "ekifo kya zaabu eky'okukyusakyusa" mu ddoozi y'ebirungo ebifuula vulcanizing agents. Newankubadde nga ekirungo ekisukkiridde ekiziyiza okuzimba kyongera ku bugumu, kiyinza okufuula enjegere za molekyu ezikaluba ennyo ne zikendeeza ku bugonvu bwazo, bwe kityo ne kikosa obubi obuziyiza obukoowu bw’okunyigirizibwa.
Okukwatagana kw’ekirungo ekifuumuuka: Omuwendo gw’okufuumuuka gulina okukwatagana n’omuwendo gw’okufuumuuka. Singa okufuumuuka kubaawo mangu nnyo awatali kuyungibwa kumala, ebisenge by’ebiwujjo bijja kuba bigonvu nnyo era bijja kukutuka amangu ddala nga binyigirizibwa; singa okuyungibwa okusalasala-kubaawo mangu nnyo nga okufuumuuka kulwawo, ebiwujjo tebijja kusobola kugaziwa mu bujjuvu, ekivaamu omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuggaddwa-obutamala.
2. Ensengekera entonotono: Ekitundu ky’obuzito bw’obutuli ekiggaddwa-n’ensaasaanya y’obunene bw’obutuli
Kino kye kifo ekikulu eky’olutalo nga silikoni afumbiddwa eyawukana ku silikoni omugumu.
Embeera ennungi: Ensengekera y’omubisi gw’enjuki eya kimu, ennungi-ng’erina omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuggaddwa-ogwa waggulu. Bwe kinyigirizibwa, ggaasi eri mu butoffaali obuggaddwa egondera etteeka lya Boyle (P1V1=P2V2), egaba obuwagizi bw’empewo obwanguyiza okuddamu amangu obutoffaali nga puleesa efulumye.
Obutuli obulema: Singa obunene bw’obutuli tebukwatagana (oba obutuli obuggaddwa oba obuggule bubaawo), okunyigirizibwa kw’okunyigiriza kujja kuba ku butuli obusinga obunene. Ensonga zino enafu bwe zimala okuyita mu kukyukakyuka kw’obuveera oba okukutuka, omuwendo gw’okunyigiriza ogukola ogw’ekitundu kyonna eky’omusalaba- eky’okusiba gujja kubula enkalakkalira.
3. Embeera z’okukola: Ebikosa okukaddiwa okuva mu bbugumu n’emikutu gy’amawulire-
Eno nsonga ya bweru era y'ensonga enkulu emabega w'ebintu bingi ebigwa ku -omukutu.
Okukaddiwa okw’ebbugumu-okwokya: Ebbugumu erya waggulu lyanguya okukutuka kw’okwokya kw’omugongo gwa silikoni polimeeri. Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera, kungulu kw’ekintu ekaluba, era density y’okusalasala-ey’omunda ekyuka, ekivaako okuwummuzibwa kw’okunyigirizibwa okw’amaanyi. Ku 150℃, omutindo gw’okukyukakyuka kwa silikoni eya bulijjo guyinza okuba emirundi 3–5 egy’okulaba ku bbugumu erya bulijjo.
Compression ratio setting: It is generally recommended that the compression ratio be between 15% and 25%. An excessively high compression ratio (>30%) zijja kumenya butereevu obutuli bw’obutoffaali, ne kireeta okwonooneka kw’omubiri okutakyuka; omugerageranyo gw’okunyigiriza ogwa wansi ennyo gujja kulemererwa okuteekawo puleesa ennungi ey’omugerageranyo gw’okusiba ogusookerwako.
4. Enkola y’obuvune: Okulemererwa kw’omubiri mu nkola y’okunyigiriza
Wansi wa microscope, okulemererwa kw’okunyigiriza mu bujjuvu kuzingiramu emitendera esatu:
Omutendera I (Gas Escape): Okweyongera kwa puleesa okw’amangu kuwaliriza ggaasi ali munda mu kisenge ekiggaddwa okufuluma okuyita mu micropores mu bbugwe w’ekibumba.
Omutendera II (Bubble Wall Folding): Ekisenge ky’ekibumba, ekitunudde nga kikwatagana n’obulagirizi bw’okunyigiriza, kikulaakulanya ebiwujjo eby’olubeerera wansi w’amaanyi g’okusala.
Omutendera III (Bubble wall rupture): Ekisenge ky’ekibumba, ekitunudde mu ngeri eyeesimbye ku ludda lw’okunyigiriza, kikutuka olw’okugolola okuyitiridde; ebituli by’ebiwujjo ebiriraanyewo olwo ne byegattira wamu, ne bikola enjatika eya macroscopic.
III. Ekitabo ekikwata ku kwewala emitego egya bulijjo ng’olonda ebintu
Nga omuddukanya, tetukuwa magezi nti bakasitoma essira balitadde ku "miwendo" gyokka egyawandiikibwa mu lipoota y'okugezesa; mu kifo ky'ekyo, balina okufaayo ku "emiwendo wansi w'embeera z'emirimu entuufu." Wano waliwo ebiteeso bisatu eby’omugaso:
Saba "post-aging" data, okusinga "okukebera okusooka" data.
Nsaba otunuulire data ya compression permanent deformation efunibwa oluvannyuma lw’okukaddiwa ku 150℃okumala 72 h oba ku 225℃okumala 24 h, nga bwe yaweebwa omugabi. Okukola obulungi ku bbugumu erya bulijjo tekikakasa kutebenkera ku bbugumu erya waggulu.
Weekenneenye ekipimo kya "okuwummulamu ku situleesi".
Okukyukakyuka okw’olubeerera okw’okunyigirizibwa (compressive permanent deformation) kintu ekitakyuka (static phenomenon), so nga okuwummuzibwa kw’okunyigirizibwa (stress relaxation) nkola ya maanyi. Embeera bwe zikkiriza, omugabi alina okusabibwa okuwa ekikoona ekiraga engeri empalirizo essiddwamu gy’evunda okumala ekiseera ku kigero ky’okunyigiriza ekiragiddwa. Omusenyu omugonvu gulaga obulamu obuwanvu obw’okusiba.
Okuggya obugumu n’obuzito okuva mu mbeera z’okukola:
Puleesa entono, okusiba okutambula (okugeza, okukuuma enfuufu ku bikozesebwa mu kutaasa): Ebintu ebikaluba ebitono-ebinene-ebiddamu (density 0.35–0.45 g/cm3) biyinza okulondebwa.
Enkola ya puleesa eya waggulu, ey’amaanyi ey’okusiba (okugeza, bbaatule z’amaanyi): Kirungi okukozesa ebintu ebirina obugumu obw’omu makkati-okutuuka -obugumu n’omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuggaddwa- waggulu (density: 0.5–0.7 g/cm3), n’okussaamu dizayini z’embavu eziwanirira ezisaanidde.
Nga omu China omututumufu mu makolero ga foam silicone, omuwendo gwaffe gusukka ku kutuusa roll ya sealing strips yokka; kiri mu kukuwa "maintenance-free" sealing solution mu bulamu bwonna – ekituukibwako okuyita mu precise formulation optimization (okulongoosa cross-linking/foaming compatibility) n'okufuga enkola enkakali (okukakasa uniform pore structure).
Bw’oba onoonya ebintu ebisiba ebisaanira embeera ez’enjawulo ez’okukola-nga ebbugumu eri wansi ennyo, emisinde egy’amaanyi egya ultraviolet, oba okukankana okw’amaanyi-frequency-nsaba obeere nga oli waddembe okututuukirira essaawa yonna. Tusobola okuwa data y’okuteebereza okukyukakyuka erongooseddwa okusinziira ku mugerageranyo gwo gwennyini ogw’okunyigiriza n’ebyetaago byo eby’ebbugumu, okukuyamba okukendeeza ku bulabe obukwata ku dizayini-nga tuyita mu kutegeera okuvugibwa data-.